SIVAS

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Sivas, Turkey

9 - 7 Ma

The Sivas fossil bovid assemblage is fairly typical for the Greco-Iranian-Afghan paleobiological province, and compares well with the classic Turolian sites of Samos, Pikermi, and Maragheh. Biochronological correlations using these fossil bovids suggest the Sivas fossil assemblage is MN11 or early MN12 in age, or somewhere between 9–7 Ma. The presence of Tethytragus at Sivas represents only the second occurrence of this typically mid-Miocene (MN5–8) taxon from the late Miocene. Paleoecological attributes of the Sivas fossil bovids suggest local paleoenvironments at Sivas comprised shrubland to woodland biomes, perhaps devoid of expansive grasslands or dense forests. The Sivas fossil localities have produced over 200 fossil specimens, with survey and collection work still ongoing.

Image courtesy F. Kaya.